The Role of Native Forests in Carbon Sequestration: A Comparative Study of Forest Types in Austria

Abstract

Native forests are one of the most effective natural systems for capturing and storing carbon, playing a vital role in mitigating climate change. This study focuses on the carbon sequestration potential of various native forest types across Austria, including beech, spruce, and mixed forests. Using a combination of forest inventory data, soil analysis, and carbon flux measurements, we evaluated both above-ground and below-ground carbon stocks. Results indicated that mixed forests with a higher diversity of species had the highest carbon sequestration rates, primarily due to their ability to maintain stable soil organic carbon levels. Beech forests, though not as efficient in carbon storage as mixed forests, still provided significant contributions to carbon cycling. Spruce monocultures, however, were found to have the lowest carbon sequestration potential, largely due to soil acidification and reduced organic matter content. Additionally, we assessed the impact of forest management practices, highlighting the benefits of sustainable forestry techniques such as selective logging and reforestation. Our findings underscore the importance of protecting and restoring Austria’s native forests as key components of national and global carbon sequestration strategies. The study also provides policy recommendations for optimizing forest management to maximize climate mitigation outcomes.