Conservation Biology and Biodiversity: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Biodiversity forms the foundation of ecosystem stability and human well-being, yet it faces unprecedented decline due to habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and overexploitation. Conservation biology, as an interdisciplinary field, aims to understand the dynamics of species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity to develop strategies for their protection. This paper explores the principles and applications of conservation biology in maintaining global biodiversity. It reviews the current threats to biodiversity, evaluates conservation strategies such as protected areas, ecological restoration, and community-based management, and highlights the role of genetic diversity in species resilience. The study emphasizes the need for integrative conservation approaches combining science, policy, and local participation to ensure sustainable management of natural resources in the face of climate and anthropogenic pressures.