The Role of Genetic Diversity in Crop Improvement for Arid Regions: A Case Study from Morocco

Abstract

In arid regions, climate change and water scarcity pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity. This paper investigates the role of genetic diversity in enhancing crop resilience in Morocco, focusing on the use of native plant varieties to improve drought tolerance and water-use efficiency. The research reviews various traditional crop varieties, such as drought-tolerant barley and wheat, and examines how their genetic characteristics can be utilized in modern breeding programs. The study explores the benefits of maintaining genetic diversity in crop breeding, including the potential for improved disease resistance, pest management, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses how genomic technologies, such as marker-assisted selection and CRISPR gene editing, can be used to accelerate the development of drought-resistant crops. The findings suggest that integrating genetic diversity into breeding programs is a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security in arid regions. The paper concludes by recommending policies that promote the conservation of indigenous crop varieties and their integration into mainstream agriculture to safeguard future food production in Morocco.