Soil Microbiome Dynamics in Paddy Fields Under Different Fertilization Practices in China

Abstract

The management of soil fertility in paddy fields has significant implications for crop yield and environmental sustainability. However, the impact of different fertilization practices on the soil microbiome remains poorly understood. This study examines the microbial diversity and functional composition of paddy field soils under three different fertilization regimes: conventional chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and integrated nutrient management (INM). Using high-throughput sequencing techniques, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal communities in soils from experimental plots across various regions in China. The results revealed that organic manure significantly increased the abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter and Rhizobium, compared to conventional fertilizers, which showed a higher prevalence of pathogens like Fusarium and Pythium. INM, which combines both organic and inorganic fertilizers, resulted in a balanced microbial community with higher biodiversity, improving soil health and reducing the prevalence of soilborne diseases. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable fertilization practices in promoting a healthy soil microbiome that supports both high crop productivity and environmental sustainability. The study provides practical insights for Chinese agricultural practices and offers a framework for improving soil management strategies in paddy farming systems.