Advancements in Rice Genetic Improvement for Drought Tolerance in China

Abstract

Rice is a staple crop for over half of the global population, and drought is one of the most significant challenges to rice production in many parts of the world, especially in China. This study explores the genetic improvements made to enhance drought tolerance in rice, with a specific focus on varieties developed through traditional breeding and modern genetic tools like CRISPR/Cas9. The paper reviews several case studies where genetic modifications have led to improved water-use efficiency, enhanced root growth, and reduced water requirements in drought-prone regions of China. The findings show that the use of molecular markers has significantly accelerated the breeding process for drought-tolerant rice varieties, contributing to better yield stability under water-limited conditions. Despite these advancements, the research also highlights challenges such as limited genetic diversity in available germplasm, the complex nature of drought tolerance traits, and the need for farmer education on new varieties. The paper concludes by suggesting future directions for research in rice genetic improvement, including the integration of climate-smart agriculture practices and improved seed distribution systems.