Soil Science and Plant Nutrition: Interactions, Challenges, and Sustainable Solutions

Abstract

Soil science and plant nutrition are closely linked disciplines that together determine agricultural productivity, ecosystem stability, and food security. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil govern nutrient availability and uptake by plants. However, modern agricultural practices, climate change, and land degradation have disrupted this balance, leading to declining soil fertility and inefficient nutrient use. This paper explores the relationship between soil characteristics and plant nutrition, emphasizing nutrient cycling, soil microbial activity, and sustainable management practices. Through a review of existing research and field observations, the study identifies key factors influencing nutrient dynamics—such as soil pH, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)—and evaluates strategies like integrated nutrient management (INM) and biofertilization for improving soil health. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining soil quality to ensure efficient plant nutrition and long-term agricultural sustainability.