Climate Change and Its Effects on Biodiversity in Tropical Forests

Abstract

In addition to carbon sequestration, climate regulation, and providing a means of subsistence for millions of people, tropical forests are home to the planet's most diverse array of plant and animal species. Climate change is already having a significant impact on these ecosystems, with temperatures rising, precipitation patterns changing, droughts becoming more severe, and extreme weather events becoming more common. Many plant and animal species lose habitat, become less resilient, and face an increased risk of extinction as a result of these changes, which upset ecological balance by changing species distributions, phenology, and interspecific interactions. Deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and human exploitation are already putting strains on biodiversity, and climate-driven shifts are making things worse. Invasive species and generalists may gain an edge, changing community structures, and species with small ranges, niches, or dispersal capacities are especially at risk. This includes amphibians, orchids, and some primates.